CSIR-UGC NET — Life Sciences Biotech subject; one Moodle course per syllabus unit.

Unit 5 — Bioinformatics & Computational Biology; Biochemical Engineering; Advances in Biotechnology; Methods in Biology; IPR & Bioethics

Unit 5 — Bioinformatics & Computational Biology; Biochemical Engineering; Advances in Biotechnology; Methods in Biology; IPR & Bioethics

Unit 5 of the CSIR-UGC NET Life Sciences Biotech syllabus: Bioinformatics & Computational Biology; Biochemical Engineering; Advances in Biotechnology; Methods in Biology; IPR & Bioethics. Major areas covered: Bioinformatics Resources (NCBI/Ensembl/PDB); BLAST & FASTA; Sequence Alignment (pairwise, MSA); Gene Annotation; Phylogenetics; Molecular Modelling & Force Fields; Protein Structure Prediction (homology, threading, ab initio, AlphaFold); Drug Design (SBDD, LBDD, QSAR, ADMET); Systems Biology; Biochemical Engineering (material/energy balance, bioreactor design, batch vs continuous, sterilization, oxygen transfer); Enzyme & Microbial Technology (immobilization, biocatalysis); Downstream Processing; Bioprocess Plant Design; Metabolic Engineering & Synthetic Biology; Recombinant DNA Technology; Genome Editing (CRISPR); Medical Biotechnology (vaccines, gene/stem-cell therapy, organoids); Animal & Agriculture Biotech (transgenics, marker-assisted breeding); Marine & Environmental Biotech (bioremediation, biofuels); Molecular Biology Techniques; Biophysical Methods (UV-Vis, CD, NMR, MS, cryo-EM); Omics; Radiolabelling; Immunotechniques; Microscopy; Electrophysiological & Field Methods; Statistics; IPR & Patents; Biosafety (BSL 1-4); Bioethics; AI in research & publication. Suggested weightage: 20%. Topics include: BLOSUM/PAM matrices, Smith-Waterman, neighbour-joining, MD simulations, AlphaFold2, Lipinski's Ro5, Monod kinetics, $K_La$, Damkohler number, Thiele modulus, CRISPR-Cas9, iPSCs, organoids, single-cell RNA-seq, Bt cotton, Golden Rice, cryo-EM, SPR, Sanger/Illumina/Nanopore, t-test/ANOVA, TRIPS, Cartagena Protocol.

Chapters

  1. Bioinformatics
  2. Computational Biology
  3. Drug Design
  4. Systems Biology
  5. Biochem Engg
  6. Enzyme Tech
  7. Downstream Processing
  8. Industrial Biotech
  9. Metabolic Engineering
  10. Synthetic Biology
  11. Recombinant DNA
  12. Medical Biotech
  13. Animal Biotech
  14. Agri Biotech
  15. Marine Biotech
  16. Environmental Biotech
  17. Methods
  18. Biophysical Methods
  19. Omics
  20. Microscopy
  21. Electrophysiology
  22. Field Biology
  23. Statistics
  24. IPR
  25. Biosafety
  26. Bioethics

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Unit 4 — Inheritance Biology; Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms; Ecology & Behavioural Biology

Unit 4 — Inheritance Biology; Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms; Ecology & Behavioural Biology

Unit 4 of the CSIR-UGC NET Life Sciences Biotech syllabus: Inheritance Biology; Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms; Ecology & Behavioural Biology. Major areas covered: Mendelian Inheritance & Extensions; Gene Mapping; Microbial Genetics (transformation/conjugation/transduction); Human & Quantitative Genetics; Hardy-Weinberg; Mutations; Chromosomal Alterations; Origin of Life & Evolution Mechanisms; Speciation; Adaptive Radiation; Coevolution; Human Evolution; Taxonomy; Microbial Life (Bacteria/Archaea/Viruses); Protists; Fungi; Plant & Animal Diversity; Ecology (Population/Community/Ecosystem); Energy Flow & Biogeochemical Cycles; Anthropogenic Impacts; Biodiversity & Conservation; IUCN Categories; PVA; Biodiversity Act 2002 & PGRFA; Behavioural Ecology (foraging, communication, sexual selection, parental care). Suggested weightage: 20%. Topics include: Test cross, LOD score, polygenic inheritance, F-factor, Avery experiment, transposition, $p^2+2pq+q^2$, allopatric/sympatric speciation, Hamilton's rule, Linnaean hierarchy, three-domain system, Whittaker's five kingdoms, r/K selection, keystone species, ecological succession, Shannon-Wiener, NBA/SBB/BMC structure.

Chapters

  1. Mendelian Genetics
  2. Extensions
  3. Linkage
  4. Sex Linkage
  5. Microbial Genetics
  6. Human Genetics
  7. Quantitative Genetics
  8. Population Genetics
  9. Mutation
  10. Chromosomal
  11. Evolution
  12. Speciation
  13. Taxonomy
  14. Microbial Life
  15. Protists
  16. Fungi
  17. Plant Diversity
  18. Animal Diversity
  19. Population Ecology
  20. Community Ecology
  21. Ecosystem Ecology
  22. Conservation
  23. Indian Acts
  24. Behavioural Ecology

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Unit 3 — System Physiology — Plant & Animal (with Microbiome & Metabolic Health)

Unit 3 — System Physiology — Plant & Animal (with Microbiome & Metabolic Health)

Unit 3 of the CSIR-UGC NET Life Sciences Biotech syllabus: System Physiology — Plant & Animal (with Microbiome & Metabolic Health). Major areas covered: Photosynthesis (LHC, electron transport, photoprotection, C3/C4/CAM); Respiration & Photorespiration; Nitrogen Metabolism & N-fixation; Plant Hormones; Photobiology (phytochromes, cryptochromes, phototropins); Stomatal Movement & Photoperiodism; Solute & Photoassimilate Transport; Secondary Metabolites & Metabolic Engineering; Plant Stress & Innate Immunity; Blood & Hemoglobin; Cardiovascular & ECG; Respiration & Gas Exchange; Nervous System; Sense Organs; Excretion & Osmoregulation; Thermoregulation; Endocrinology & Reproduction; Gut Microbiome & Holobionts; Gut-Brain Axis; Interorgan Communication; Metabolic Health. Suggested weightage: 20%. Topics include: Z-scheme, RuBisCO, Calvin cycle, Krebs/ETC, GS-GOGAT cycle, auxin/GA/cytokinin/ABA/ethylene, cohesion-tension, $\beta$-oxidation, Bohr effect, ECG waves, counter-current loop of Henle, nephron, dysbiosis, germ-free animals, BMR, HPG axis.

Chapters

  1. Plant Physiology
  2. Animal Physiology
  3. Microbiome
  4. Metabolic Health

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Unit 2 — Cell Communication, Cell Signaling & Developmental Biology

Unit 2 — Cell Communication, Cell Signaling & Developmental Biology

Unit 2 of the CSIR-UGC NET Life Sciences Biotech syllabus: Cell Communication, Cell Signaling & Developmental Biology. Major areas covered: Hormones & Receptors; GPCRs; Second Messengers; Bacterial Chemotaxis & Quorum Sensing; Plant Signaling; Cell Adhesion & ECM; Gap Junctions; Neurotransmission; Hematopoiesis; Innate & Adaptive Immunity; MHC; B/T Cell Receptors; Antibody Diversity; Vaccines; Host-Pathogen Interaction; Cancer (oncogenes, tumour suppressors, metastasis); Therapeutic Interventions; Developmental Concepts (potency, commitment, differentiation); Stem Cells & Imprinting; Gametogenesis & Fertilization; Embryogenesis; Morphogenesis in Animals (Drosophila, C. elegans, vertebrates); Plant Development (SAM/RAM, floral); Programmed Cell Death; Aging. Suggested weightage: 20%. Topics include: cAMP/IP3/DAG, Ras-MAPK, AHL/AIP, integrins, cadherins, action potential, V(D)J, TLRs, complement, p53/Rb, Knudson 2-hit, Bcl-2/caspase, EMT, bicoid/nanos, vulva induction, ABA-LET-23, AER/ZPA/Shh, ABC model.

Chapters

  1. Cell Signaling
  2. Cell Adhesion
  3. ECM
  4. Neurotransmission
  5. Innate Immunity
  6. Adaptive Immunity
  7. Vaccines
  8. Host-Pathogen
  9. Cancer
  10. Cancer Therapy
  11. Developmental Biology
  12. Gametogenesis
  13. Embryogenesis
  14. Plant Development
  15. Morphogenesis
  16. Aging

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Unit 1 — Biomolecules, Cellular Organization & Fundamental Processes

Unit 1 — Biomolecules, Cellular Organization & Fundamental Processes

Unit 1 of the CSIR-UGC NET Life Sciences Biotech syllabus: Biomolecules, Cellular Organization & Fundamental Processes. Major areas covered: Atoms/Molecules/Bonds; Biomolecule structure & function; Stabilising Interactions; Biophysical Chemistry (pH, buffers, kinetics, thermodynamics); Bioenergetics (glycolysis/OxPhos); Enzymes & Kinetics; Protein/Nucleic-acid Conformation & Stability; Metabolism; Cell wall & membranes; Intracellular Organelles; Gene & Chromosome Organization; Cell Cycle (mitosis/meiosis); Apoptosis/Necrosis/Autophagy; Microbial Physiology & AMR; DNA Replication/Repair/Recombination; RNA Synthesis & Processing (with ncRNA, riboswitches); Protein Synthesis & Processing; Epigenetic Regulation. Suggested weightage: 20%. Topics include: Carbohydrate/lipid/protein/nucleic acid structure, Ramachandran plot, A/B/Z DNA, Michaelis-Menten, Henderson-Hasselbalch, glycolysis/Krebs/ETC ATP yield, lipid bilayer, fluid mosaic, operons, chromatin packing, CDK/cyclin checkpoints, AMR mechanisms, replication fork, BER/NER/MMR, RNA Pol I/II/III, splicing, ribozyme, riboswitch, ncRNA, wobble hypothesis, post-translational mods, histone code.

Chapters

  1. Biomolecules
  2. Stabilising Interactions
  3. Biophysical Chemistry
  4. Bioenergetics
  5. Enzymes
  6. Protein Conformation
  7. Nucleic Acid Conformation
  8. Nucleic Acid Stability
  9. Metabolism
  10. Cell Wall
  11. Membrane
  12. Membrane Transport
  13. Organelles
  14. Genome Organization
  15. Cell Cycle
  16. Microbial Physiology
  17. DNA Replication
  18. DNA Repair
  19. Recombination
  20. Transcription
  21. RNA Processing
  22. RNA
  23. Translation
  24. Protein Degradation
  25. Gene Regulation

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